The safety test methods of lithium-ion batteries mainly include the following aspects:
1. Overcharge test: simulate the overcharge situation that may occur during the charging process of the battery, and evaluate the stability of the battery under overcharge conditions. The test can be carried out by constant current charging or constant voltage charging, and observe the changes in voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the overcharge process.
2. Overdischarge test: simulate the overdischarge situation that may occur during the discharge process of the battery, and evaluate the stability of the battery under overdischarge conditions. The test can be carried out by constant current discharge or constant voltage discharge, and observe the changes in voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the overdischarge process.
3. Short circuit test: simulate the short circuit situation that may occur during the use of the battery, and evaluate the safety performance of the battery under short circuit conditions. The test can be carried out by directly connecting the positive and negative poles of the battery, and observing the changes in current, voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the short circuit process.
4. Needle puncture test: simulate the sharp object puncture situation that the battery may encounter during use, and evaluate the safety performance of the battery in this case. The test can be carried out by piercing the battery with a sharp object, and observing the changes in current, voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the needle puncture process.
5. Extrusion test: simulate the extrusion conditions that the battery may encounter during use, and evaluate the safety performance of the battery in this case. The test can be carried out by placing the battery in an extrusion device for extrusion, and observing the changes in the current, voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the extrusion process.
6. Thermal abuse test: simulate the high temperature conditions that the battery may encounter during use, and evaluate the safety performance of the battery in this case. The test can be carried out by placing the battery in a high temperature environment for heating, and observing the changes in the current, voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery during the heating process.
These test methods are designed to simulate abnormal conditions that the battery may encounter during actual use, and evaluate the safety performance of the battery in these conditions. Through these tests, the performance and safety performance of the battery can be evaluated, potential problems of the battery can be found, and a basis can be provided for the design and optimization of the battery. At the same time, guidance can be provided for the transportation, storage and use of the battery to ensure the safe use of the battery.
