lithium ion phosphate
Introduction
Cell voltage
Minimum discharge voltage = 2.5 V
Working voltage = 3.0 ~ 3.2 V
Maximum charge voltage = 3.65 V
Volumetric energy density = 220 Wh/L (790 kJ/L)
Gravimetric energy density > 90 Wh/kg[30] (> 320 J/g). Up to 160 Wh/kg (580 J/g).
100% DOD cycle life (number of cycles to 80% of original capacity) = 2,000–7,000
10% DOD cycle life (number of cycles to 80% of original capacity) > 10,000
Cathode composition (weight)
90% C-LiFePO4, grade Phos-Dev-12
5% carbon EBN-10-10 (superior graphite)
5% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Advantage
Safety
One important advantage over other lithium-ion chemistries is thermal and chemical stability, which improves battery safety.LiFePO
4 is an intrinsically safer cathode material than LiCoO2 and manganese dioxide spinels through omission of the cobalt, with its negative temperature coefficient of resistance that can encourage thermal runaway. The P–O bond in the (PO
4)3− ion is stronger than the Co–O bond in the (CoO2)−
ion, so that when abused (short-circuited, overheated, etc.), the oxygen atoms are released more slowly. This stabilization of the redox energies also promotes faster ion migration
As lithium migrates out of the cathode in a LiCoO2 cell, the CoO2 undergoes non-linear expansion that affects the structural integrity of the cell. The fully lithiated and unlithiated states of LiFePO4 are structurally similar which means that LiFePO4 cells are more structurally stable than LiCoO2 cells.
No lithium remains in the cathode of a fully charged LiFePO4 cell. (In a LiCoO2 cell, approximately 50% remains.) LiFePO4 is highly resilient during oxygen loss, which typically results in an exothermic reaction in other lithium cells. As a result, LiFePO4 cells are harder to ignite in the event of mishandling (especially during charge). The LiFePO
4 battery does not decompose at high temperatures.
Application
Home energy storage
home energy storage, distributed energy, off-grid, and microgrid use.
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